The fortified hillfort of Lokėnėlių piliakalnis

The Lokėnėlių piliakalnis, also known as Žvalgakalnis, is an archaeological site and hillfort located in the Jonava district of Lithuania. The complex comprises two hillforts built on different banks of the Lokis river, along with a settlement at their foot. The site covers an area of 102,000 m², though much of the area and part of the rampart were destroyed by erosion from the Lokis river and the northern slope until the mid-20th century.

Archaeological investigations conducted in 1998-1999 examined the remains of the site. At the eastern end, the rampart stood 3 meters high and 14 meters wide, with an outer slope of 5 meters height leading into a 12-meter wide trench. Excavations uncovered three distinct construction phases of the mortar-based rampart. The first phase was 2 meters wide and 0.5 meters high, featuring an outer face with a wooden frame of logs leaning outwards.

The second phase expanded the rampart to 4 meters wide and 1 meter high. The mortar used in this phase was reinforced with irregular stones to create an entrance into the enclosure, which was protected by pillars. The third phase was also made of mortar reinforced with stones, using earth taken from near a surrounding ditch. A defensive wall of timber construction stood on top of this final phase. The entire hillfort complex is dated from the 1st millennium to the 14th century.

Sources: Wikipedia, OpenStreetMap, Wikidata, Wikimedia Commons