LNA and GNA reach permanent ceasefire agreement in 2020

The Libyan civil war (2014–2020) was a multilateral civil war fought among a number of armed groups, but mainly the House of Representatives (HoR) and the Government of National Accord (GNA), for six years from 2014 to 2020. In 2020, the 5+5 Joint Libyan Military Commission representing the LNA and the GNA reached a permanent ceasefire agreement in all areas of Libya. This agreement required all foreign fighters to leave Libya within three months while a joint police force would patrol disputed areas.

Numerous armed groups were involved in the conflict, including the House of Representatives, the Government of National Accord, the Islamist Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries, and the Libyan provinces of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. The conflict was marked by shifting allegiances among various armed groups and militias. By the end of 2020, a unity government was formed to remain in place until the scheduled presidential election, though the election has been delayed several times since.

The origins of much of the discontent trace back to the General National Congress (GNC), based in western Libya and backed by various militias with some support from Qatar and Turkey. In 2014, the GNC initially accepted the results of the election but rejected them after the Supreme Constitutional Court nullified an amendment regarding the roadmap for Libya's transition and HoR elections.

The House of Representatives, which is in control of eastern and central Libya, has the loyalty of the Libyan National Army (LNA) and has been supported by airstrikes by Egypt and the United Arab Emirates. Due to controversy about constitutional amendments, the HoR refused to take office from the GNC in Tripoli, which was controlled by armed Islamist groups from Misrata. Instead, the HoR established its parliament in Tobruk, which is controlled by General Khalifa Haftar's forces.

Sources: Wikipedia, OpenStreetMap, Wikidata, Wikimedia Commons