Monument of the Four Moors

Completed in 1626, the Monument of the Four Moors in Livorno, Italy, commemorates the victories of Ferdinand I of Tuscany over their enemy, the Ottomans. Created by Pietro Tacca, the monument features four bronze statues of enslaved prisoners chained at the base of an earlier work consisting of the statue of Ferdinando I and its monumental pedestal. Three of the statues represent people of the southern Mediterranean coast while the fourth statue has characteristics of a black African. The four Moors symbolize the four corners of the world. Although the four chained prisoners are meant to represent the Ottomans, the monument's design and the black African statue add an additional layer of mystery to the monument, influencing sculptural design for over a century.

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