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On the island of Gogland, Struve established a unique station in 1826 that connects two continental chains of triangles, separated by the Gulf of Finland, into a single measurement system. From the Myakipällys rock, he observed angles and azimuths, and at Point Z – the astronomical latitude.
The Myakipällys station is located on an elevation 1.2 km from the harbor of the island Suurkülä at an altitude of 143 meters above sea level. It was established in 1826. Initially, it consisted of a hole in the rock containing a rod and four other small holes made symmetrically at distances of 12 centimeters from each other.
From 1826 to 1843 – under Struve’s leadership, the first measurement of the Earth's geometric figure in Russia was carried out on Gogland. In 2000, a special instrumental tripod with a commemorative plaque was embedded into the rock at the highest point of the Myakipällys massif.
The Struve Arc, once known as the "Russian" and later the "Russo-Scandinavian Meridian Arc," is one of UNESCO’s World Heritage monuments. The Arc consists of 265 triangulation points, where measurements were conducted from 1816 to 1852, allowing the precise determination of the Earth's size and shape.
Reference points of this triangulation network were marked on site in various ways: hollows carved into rocks, iron crosses, stone pyramids, or specially installed obelisks. Often they were marked with sandstone bricks laid at the bottom of a pit; sometimes it was a granite cube with a cavity filled with lead, placed in a pit with cobblestones.
During the project work to include the Struve Arc in the UNESCO list, which lasted 8 years, special search and geodetic surveys were conducted in each country to locate the original points. All information from all Struve Arc countries was collected, structured, and standardized.
Not all of the original points were found during the special search and geodetic surveys carried out in recent years with active cooperation from scientists of the interested countries, and many of them were found to be heavily damaged. Therefore, only the best-preserved points – a total of 34 – were included in the World Heritage site.
Sources:
http://www.gototrip.com/publications/geodezicheskaya-duga-struve
