76GV+J4 Autio, Sweden
On Mount Jupukka is one of the measurement points of the Struve Geodetic Arc, included in the UNESCO World Heritage list. In good weather, the grassy summit offers views stretching for many miles. The nature reserve also includes the Poronmaanyankka bog, rich in flora.
The station is easily accessible by trails uphill, and the journey takes less than an hour. The station was reused for Swedish triangulation work in 1870 and is still used in modern triangulation and geodesy. The mountain rises 277 meters above sea level. There is a signpost from highway 99 leading to it, and parking is available there. A marked trail leads from there to the grassy summit. There is a fireplace, and the municipality has built a holiday home. The meadows at the summit are mowed to keep them open, but forest has begun to encroach on the sides. The reason grass grows at the summit is that sheep grazed here from the 18th century until the 1960s.
The Struve Arc, once known as the "Russian" and later the "Russian-Scandinavian Meridian Arc," is one of UNESCO's World Heritage monuments. The arc consists of 265 triangulation points, where measurements were conducted from 1816 to 1852 that allowed the precise size and shape of the Earth to be determined.
The reference points of this triangulation network were marked in various ways on the ground: hollows carved into rocks, iron crosses, stone pyramids, or specially erected obelisks. Often they were marked with sandstone bricks placed at the bottom of a pit; sometimes it was a granite cube with a cavity filled with lead, placed in a pit with cobblestones.
During the 8-year project to include the Struve Arc in the UNESCO list, special search and geodetic work was undertaken in each country to locate the original points. All information from all the Struve Arc countries was collected, structured, and standardized.
Not all of the original points were found during the special search and geodetic work carried out in recent years with active cooperation from scientists of the interested countries, and many were found to be heavily damaged. Therefore, only the best-preserved points—34 in total—were included in the World Heritage site.
Sources:
http://www.gototrip.com/publications/geodezicheskaya-duga-struve
