House of P. I. Goze (Sherman the Scarecrow's House)

Side Alley, 11, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 197376

On Kamenny Island, there are few historical houses left that have remained untouched since the 1990s. The house of Petr Goze, later rebuilt into the summer residence of Mrs. Orlova, is one of the vivid examples of the Art Nouveau era, when buildings were still constructed from wood.


By 1904, Petr Ivanovich Goze had leased two adjacent land plots on Kamenniy Island - No. 27 and No. 29. Both plots were listed as "vacant land" in the 1904 edition of the directory "All Petersburg." Permission from the owners of Kamenniy Island to erect buildings on the leased plot was obtained by Goze on August 20, 1904. On September 17 of the same year, the Technical Department of the St. Petersburg City Administration issued a permit to build a wooden two-story wing with a stone staircase and one-story service buildings according to the design by architect Shene. The project was not fully realized and was altered from the approved version. At the beginning of 1905, Goze transferred the lease rights for plot No. 27 to railway engineer Nikolai Sergeyevich Svyagin.

In April 1905, Goze again received permission from the Office of the Dukes of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and Princess of Saxe-Altenburg to construct houses and service buildings. On November 22, 1905, the City Administration issued a permit to build a "wooden and partly stone wing on the site shown on the courtyard plan under letter V; stone one-story and partly two-story service buildings under letter C; wooden icehouse under letter D." Simultaneously, the "continued existence of the wooden two-story wing, erected in a modified form contrary to the plan approved on September 17, 1904," was allowed.

At the beginning of 1910, owner Goze decided to expand the house. The courtyard plan and facade drawings of the dacha were signed by architect Pryanishnikov.

Of the two houses planned for the Goze villa, only one was built. This likely happened because the "guild master of the shoemaking workshop" Goze had problems both with artistic taste and financial capability. The Russian State Historical Archive (RGIA) preserves an interesting letter from Goze to the Office of Their Highnesses the Dukes of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and Princess of Saxe-Altenburg. The author asked for a deferral of rent payments and complained not only about his dire financial situation but also about the "terrible architect Vasily Ivanovich Shene," with whom, apparently, no mutual understanding was reached.

In June 1914, the City Administration granted permission for the "renewal of the cladding of the wooden mansion, with caulking of walls, roof covering, and the addition of a wooden vestibule, as well as the renewal of the cladding of the wooden mansard walls of the stone wing, with the installation of heating," on the palace park plot No. 50, leased by Magda Gustavovna Orlova. The courtyard plan was signed by engineer Orlov. The name of Baroness Magda Gustavovna Liven (married name Orlova) is not listed in the "All Petersburg" directories for 1914–1917; the owner of plot No. 50 on Kamenniy Island is recorded as Orlov.

The dacha is located in the central part of Kamenniy Island, which was palace park territory until 1897, when a plan was approved to divide it into plots for 90-year leases. Goze’s plot is situated in the block bounded by Bolshaya, 2nd Berezovaya, and Bokovaya alleys. In the summer of 1898, this plot was leased by commerce candidate Nedoshivin. Due to breach of contract terms, the lease was terminated. In 1904, the plot was granted to shoemaker Goze, owner of the neighboring plot. In August of the same year, architect Shene drafted the first dacha project, but a different version, approved in April 1905, was realized. This wooden building featured a dynamic composition of volumes of varying sizes. Tall roofs and clipped gables gave it a sharp, expressive silhouette. Of particular interest was the unrealized project of a second house in the northern corner of the plot, conceived by V. I. Shene in a neo-Romantic style of "northern" modernism. Massive round towers with helmet-shaped tops flanking the main entrance were inspired by images of medieval fortress architecture.

In 1910, architect Pryanishnikov developed a project to expand the dacha. In 1914, the plot changed tenants twice: first, its owner became the petty bourgeois Krylov, then the wife of Colonel Orlov. Military engineer Orlov significantly rebuilt the dacha that same year (he remained its owner until 1917). As a result, the house became two-storied. It was completed with a complex silhouette multi-pitched roof with gables. The dacha’s exterior was designed using half-timbering stylization. The Goze estate is a vivid example of early 20th-century dacha construction. Half-timbering stylization was especially characteristic of the St. Petersburg suburbs. The surrounding park landscape of Kamenniy Island gives the dacha a special romantic character. Mansions on Kamenniy Island were nationalized in 1918.

In 1920, Orlov’s dacha became Rest Home No. 16. Since the 1960s, it was used as a dormitory building for the "Clinical" sanatorium.

In 1989, the building was transferred to the Joint-Stock Company "Avangard," which carried out major repairs with interior remodeling in the 1990s, resulting in the complete loss of the interiors.


The service wing of the dacha appears in the film "The Treasures of Agra" from the series "The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson": Dr. Watson, on behalf of his detective friend, comes here to fetch the bulldog Tory. The taxidermist Sherman lived in the service wing of the estate of shoemaker Petr Goze.

Sources:

https://www.citywalls.ru/house4826.html

https://www.221b.ru/geo.htm

https://dubikvit.livejournal.com/34231.html

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