The Palace of Peter the Great in Narva

Rüütli 18, 20307 Narva, Estonia

The Palace of Peter the Great was located at the corner of Ryutli and Pimeaya streets, opposite the "Pax" bastion and the Coastal Gate. The palace was destroyed in 1944. Only the cellars of the building remain today.
The Palace of Peter the Great was located at the corner of Ryutli and Pimeya streets, opposite the "Pax" bastion and the Coastal Gate. The palace was destroyed in 1944. Only the building's cellars remain today.

The palace was a two-story stone house in the Baroque style. A bay window with a thickened plinth was attached to the eastern facade. On the southern side, a wooden gallery decorated with carved latticework adjoined the bay window. The gallery rested on Tuscan order columns. From the southeasternmost room on the second floor, one could access the rampart of the "Pax" bastion via a wooden drawbridge. In the mid-19th century, the rampart was dismantled, and in 1876 (according to other sources, in 1864) the drawbridge was removed.

The main entrance with a high porch was on the northern facade (facing Ryutli Street). The porch was adorned with four Tuscan columns, and its top featured volutes with a wooden figure of Mars. The house walls were covered with reddish plaster. The roof was tiled and topped with a wrought-iron weather vane.

There were six rooms on the first floor. A wooden staircase led from the vestibule to the second floor, to Peter I’s apartments. The second floor had nine rooms, including a hall. The floor was covered with oak parquet. The ceilings were decorated with plafonds featuring allegorical images. The ceiling paintings of the palace were presumably created in 1708 by artists I. Odolsky, A. Zakharov, D. Solovyov, and D. Buralevsky.

The building was constructed in 1676 according to a design by Zacharias Hoffman the Younger (Hoffmann; Hoffman) for the craftsman shoemaker Jakob Niman, who sold it in 1697 to the carpenter (according to other sources, a silversmith) Johann Lude. In 1704–1705, architects I.M. Ugryumov and D. Trezzini combined this building with the neighboring house of master builder Georg (Jürgen) Hecht, creating the "Tsar’s Chambers."

According to oral tradition, after 1704 Peter I repeatedly stayed in this house when visiting Narva. For this reason, it is said that in 1726 the house was purchased by Catherine I (purchase documents have been lost).

According to some data, repair work was carried out in Peter I’s house in 1705, and in 1708 it was rebuilt as Peter I’s residence.

In the first half of the 19th century, the house belonged to the Ministry of War, housing the commandant’s office and its archive (according to other sources, the city archive). In 1867, a German church school for boys was located on the first floor. In 1866, the house was transferred to the Narva Society of the Great Guild Citizens. A historical and memorial museum was opened there, based on collections from the Narva Archaeological Society and the Palace of Peter I. The museum included a library and archive. After the liquidation of the Great Guild Society in 1932, the palace became the property of the city of Narva. The museum housed there was merged in 1933 with the Narva City Museum named after S. and G. Lavretsov. Part of the Narva Museum’s collection, including that of the Palace of Peter I, was evacuated to Leningrad in August 1941 and returned in 1956. Another part of the collection was distributed in 1945 among the Tallinn City Museum and the museums of Rakvere and Paide. From 1949, it was gradually returned to the Narva Museum.

During the retreat of German troops in 1944, the Palace of Peter I was looted and destroyed. Its walls stood until the late 1960s while restoration project documentation was being prepared, then were dismantled. Only the cellars remain.

Sources:
https://petersmonuments.ru/europe/memorials/dvorets_petra_velikogo_peeter_i_loss/
N.S. [Skrobotov N.A.]. The Palace of Peter the Great in the City of Narva. St. Petersburg: A.A. Sokolov Printing House, 1872. 19 pages.

Index of the Narva Archaeological Society in the Palace of Emperor Peter I. Narva: F. Gnivkovsky and Gruntal, 1897. 22 pages.

Krivosheev E., Mikhailov K. Narva. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1976. pp. 94–96.

Efendiev E. Narva: Guidebook. Tallinn: Periodika, 1990. pp. 41–43.

Narva: Cultural-Historical Reference / Compiled by G. Smirnova. Narva: Narva Museum, 2001. p. 125.

Malinovsky K.V. Domenico Trezzini. St. Petersburg: Kriga, 2007. pp. 13–14.

Klimina T. From the History of the Narva Museum: 1863–1950. (http://www.narvamuuseum.ee/?lang=rus&next=artiklid&menu=menu_ajalugu).

The House of Peter I in Narva / Information Portal of the Russian Community of Estonia. (http://baltija.eu/content/3007).

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